Published: 31st July 2025 | The English Chronicle Online
As the British public contends with rising living costs and stagnating incomes, a quieter and more poignant financial pressure is creeping into thousands of households each year—often at their most vulnerable moment. New figures released by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have revealed a sharp 13% rise in the number of estates paying inheritance tax (IHT), dragging a record number of bereaved families into the government’s expanding fiscal net.
In the 2022–23 tax year, 31,500 estates were subject to IHT, compared to 27,800 the year before—an increase of 3,700 cases. This surge, affecting nearly one in twenty deaths, comes despite mounting criticism from tax experts and public finance campaigners that inheritance tax is becoming an increasingly punitive and outdated form of revenue collection.
The timing of these figures is especially significant. They precede controversial changes introduced in the most recent Budget that further tighten exemptions for family-owned businesses and farms. They also come before newly announced measures that will subject pension pots to inheritance tax liabilities, a move expected to sweep even more families into the tax threshold in the years ahead.
The data confirms what many financial advisors and estate planners have long warned: as property and equity prices steadily rise, and the government continues to freeze the nil-rate bands—the tax-free threshold for IHT—more middle-income families are being drawn into a system once intended only for the ultra-wealthy.
John O’Connell, chief executive of the Taxpayers’ Alliance, did not mince his words. “Frozen inheritance tax thresholds and rising house prices are dragging more and more grieving families into paying the hated death duty,” he said. “In the ultimate sign that the government views wealth and affluence with contempt and envy, the only changes they have made have been to hammer family businesses and farms. Whoever makes up the next government should scrap inheritance tax in its entirety.”
The broader financial impact of this tax trend is now firmly taking shape. Inheritance tax liabilities for 2022–23 amounted to £6.7 billion—a £710 million increase on the previous year’s total. That figure represents a 12% rise and reflects the increasingly strained fiscal strategy of balancing government budgets by taxing generational wealth transfers.
Even more stark are the forecasts provided by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), which estimates that total IHT liabilities will climb to £8.4 billion in the 2024–25 fiscal year—an 11.6% increase—and are expected to reach £9.1 billion in the current 2025–26 period. According to HMRC receipts data, £8.2 billion has already been collected for the last period, suggesting the projection is likely to be exceeded.
The pressure on ordinary families is amplified by the fact that many have not taken steps to plan their estates or mitigate their exposure to inheritance tax. Ian Dyall, head of estate planning at Evelyn Partners, a major wealth management firm, noted that more families are facing unexpected liabilities. “This data really just confirms what we already know: that more families are incurring inheritance tax liabilities, and more assets in each estate are becoming subject to tax—even before the IHT measures announced at the last Budget take effect,” he said.
Dyall warned that in a climate of rising asset prices and stagnant thresholds, failing to plan can have serious financial consequences. “As asset prices, especially equities and property, continue to rise, the frozen nil-rate bands offer less and less protection against IHT. Families that take no steps to mitigate their liabilities will either get drawn into the scope of IHT or have the tax levied on a greater proportion of their assets.”
This slow yet steady erosion of family wealth through inheritance tax raises pressing questions about the long-term fairness and sustainability of Britain’s tax framework. What was once a niche tax, affecting only the wealthiest households, now increasingly captures the estates of middle-class families—particularly those whose principal assets lie in their homes. In many cases, properties that were purchased decades ago at modest prices are now being valued well above the IHT threshold due to inflation and housing market dynamics.
The political ramifications are likely to grow in the run-up to the next general election. Public sentiment remains firmly against inheritance tax, which has often been dubbed the UK’s “most hated tax.” While successive governments have pledged reviews or adjustments, few have taken substantial action. Meanwhile, frozen thresholds combined with rising valuations effectively amount to a stealth tax—a growing burden placed upon families in mourning.
In a country grappling with inflation, austerity, and widening intergenerational inequality, the expanding reach of inheritance tax strikes many as not just financially painful but ethically fraught. For the thousands of families now swept into its scope each year, grief is increasingly shadowed by a growing tax bill—one that, in the eyes of many, undermines the basic promise of being able to pass something on to the next generation.
As policymakers wrestle with the dual imperatives of revenue generation and social fairness, the inheritance tax debate is no longer about the ultra-rich. It is about ordinary Britons—homeowners, parents, small business owners—who now find themselves at the heart of one of the most controversial battlegrounds in British fiscal policy.
